Studying the documents on wooden tablets, unearthed in Niya Ruins, relating to agriculture, this paper reveals the land ownership of the serf system in the Jinjue State.

通过对尼雅遗址出土的亻去卢文简牍中相关农业经济方面文书的研究，揭示出农奴社会制度下的精绝国土地所有制之形态。

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However, with its establishment by the end of the 16th century, the primitive communes had been changed by the feudalism and became powerful tools in defensing and enforcing the serf system in Russia.

但在俄国农奴制度16世纪末确立之后，农村公社本身也为封建主义所改造，反过来它又成为维护和加强俄国农奴制度的有力工具。

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This decentralized economic system relied on the legal immobility of the serf.

这种分散的经济制度依赖于农奴在法律上的固定性。

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